The coffee tree (Coffea arabica L.) response to water deficit in different development phases

Felicita González-Robaina

Abstract

Coffee is a remarkable exportable item of Cuban economy. In the last years, its yield has been depressed, among other causes, for rainfalls scarcity and low availability of water for irrigation. Most of crops possess critical periods in which water deficit produces serious problems to the productive process, these damages depend on the duration and on the plant development phase, for that reason the present work was aimed at studying sensitivity factor on coffee tree, subjected to water deficit in different phenological stages. The study was carried out at Pinar del Río province, in coffee plantations var. Red Caturra in the production phase, with a density of 5 000 plants ha-1. The soil was classified as Yellowish Alitico of Low Typical Loamy Activity and the experimental design used was random blocks with six treatments and four repetitions. For water balance, Masses Balance Method was used and to quantify the effect of water deficit on the yield, the relationship between relative yield decrease and relative evapotranspiration deficit was used. As a result, the relative yield reduction was accented in the phase of fructification-development of the fruit with a value of 0.58. Average value of crop sensitivity factor to water deficit (Ky) in all phases was of 0.52, indicating that coffee is tolerant to water deficit and it recovers partially from stress.

Keywords

water response, evapotranspiration, yield

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